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	<title>AFRICAN VOICES INTERNATIONAL</title>
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	<link>https://africanvoicesinternational.org</link>
	<description>Promotion of Democratic and Political Freedom in Africa</description>
	<lastBuildDate>Mon, 08 Jun 2026 17:00:02 +0000</lastBuildDate>
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	<title>AFRICAN VOICES INTERNATIONAL</title>
	<link>https://africanvoicesinternational.org</link>
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	<item>
		<title>2026 FIFA World Cup Kicks Off in Just Days</title>
		<link>https://africanvoicesinternational.org/2026-fifa-world-cup-kicks-off-in-just-days/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 08 Jun 2026 16:56:21 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[SPORTS]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[TALKING DRUMS]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://africanvoicesinternational.org/?p=7961</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>By: Isaac Kwabena Boadu Date: 8th June, 2026 The wait is over &#8211; football’s biggest party starts Thursday, June 11th, 2026 at Mexico City’s historic [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://africanvoicesinternational.org/2026-fifa-world-cup-kicks-off-in-just-days/">2026 FIFA World Cup Kicks Off in Just Days</a> first appeared on <a href="https://africanvoicesinternational.org">AFRICAN VOICES INTERNATIONAL</a>.</p>]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>By</strong>: Isaac Kwabena Boadu <strong>Date</strong>: 8th June, 2026</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The wait is over &#8211; football’s biggest party starts Thursday, June 11th, 2026 at Mexico City’s historic Estadio Azteca. Co-hosts Mexico face South Africa at 3pm local time / 8pm UK time, making Mexico the first nation ever to host World Cup matches in 3 different tournaments after 1970 and 1986. Canada and USA join a day later on <em>June 12th</em>: Canada vs Bosnia &amp; Herzegovina in Toronto, and USMNT vs Paraguay at SoFi Stadium in LA.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">This is the first 48-team World Cup ever, with 104 matches across 16 cities in the USA, Canada, and Mexico. New format: 12 groups of 4, top 2 + 8 best third-placed teams advance to a new Round of 32. Key dates: Group Stage June 11th-27th, Round of 32 June 28th-July 3rd, Round of 16 July 4th-7th, Quarter-finals July 9th-11th, Semis July 14th-15th, and the Final July 19th, 2026 at MetLife Stadium in New York/New Jersey. Defending champs Argentina start vs Algeria on <em>June 17th</em>, and debutants Cape Verde, Curaçao, Jordan, and Uzbekistan get their first taste.</p>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" width="1024" height="576" src="https://africanvoicesinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/1002337329-1024x576.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-7965" srcset="https://africanvoicesinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/1002337329-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https://africanvoicesinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/1002337329-300x169.jpg 300w, https://africanvoicesinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/1002337329-768x432.jpg 768w, https://africanvoicesinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/1002337329-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https://africanvoicesinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/1002337329-2048x1152.jpg 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></figure>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">FIFA’s opening show kicks off 90 minutes before the Mexico vs South Africa game on June 11th, with Mana, J Balvin, Belinda, and South Africa’s Tyla performing. 39 days of non-stop football across North America starts Thursday. </p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>AFRICAN VOICES INTERNATIONAL, FREEDOM IN AFRICA </strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Follow our WhatsApp Channel for more updates: <a href="https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VaDc9jg59PwJmHy1Du2t">https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VaDc9jg59PwJmHy1Du2t</a></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"></p><p>The post <a href="https://africanvoicesinternational.org/2026-fifa-world-cup-kicks-off-in-just-days/">2026 FIFA World Cup Kicks Off in Just Days</a> first appeared on <a href="https://africanvoicesinternational.org">AFRICAN VOICES INTERNATIONAL</a>.</p>]]></content:encoded>
					
		
		
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		<title>Malawi Sends Buses to Repatriate Citizens from South Africa</title>
		<link>https://africanvoicesinternational.org/malawi-sends-buses-to-repatriate-citizens-from-south-africa/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 08 Jun 2026 16:26:54 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[TALKING DRUMS]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://africanvoicesinternational.org/?p=7952</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>By: Isaac Kwabena Boadu Date: 8th June, 2026 The Malawian government started a voluntary repatriation exercise on Saturday, June 6th, 2026, sending the first two [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://africanvoicesinternational.org/malawi-sends-buses-to-repatriate-citizens-from-south-africa/">Malawi Sends Buses to Repatriate Citizens from South Africa</a> first appeared on <a href="https://africanvoicesinternational.org">AFRICAN VOICES INTERNATIONAL</a>.</p>]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>By</strong>: Isaac Kwabena Boadu <strong>Date</strong>: 8th June, 2026</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The Malawian government started a voluntary repatriation exercise on Saturday, June 6th, 2026, sending the first two buses from the Western Cape to bring their citizens, home. The 150 Malawians left Mossel Bay after being displaced by anti-immigrant attacks and are expected to arrive at Mwanza Border Post today, Monday, June 8th, 2026, before heading to Kamuzu Stadium in Blantyre for processing.</p>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img decoding="async" width="600" height="400" src="https://africanvoicesinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/1002337186.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-7953" srcset="https://africanvoicesinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/1002337186.jpg 600w, https://africanvoicesinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/1002337186-300x200.jpg 300w" sizes="(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px" /></figure>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Malawi’s High Commission in South Africa opened registration <em>last month</em> after hundreds of nationals requested help due to unemployment and xenophobic violence in townships. The government is covering transport costs and says the buses will make multiple trips over the next two weeks for citizens who registered at missions in Pretoria and Johannesburg. Officials stress the exercise is voluntary and will prioritize women, children, and the elderly.</p>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img decoding="async" width="902" height="419" src="https://africanvoicesinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/1002337188.png" alt="" class="wp-image-7956" srcset="https://africanvoicesinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/1002337188.png 902w, https://africanvoicesinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/1002337188-300x139.png 300w, https://africanvoicesinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/1002337188-768x357.png 768w" sizes="(max-width: 902px) 100vw, 902px" /></figure>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Malawi and South Africa have a long history of labor migration, with thousands working in SA mines, farms, and construction. Returnees arriving in Malawi will be screened by health officials and linked to reintegration programs by the Ministry of Labour and IOM. The government has not given a final number but says buses will keep running as long as there is demand and funding.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>AFRICAN VOICES INTERNATIONAL, FREEDOM IN AFRICA</strong> </p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Follow our WhatsApp Channel for more updates: <a href="https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VaDc9jg59PwJmHy1Du2t">https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VaDc9jg59PwJmHy1Du2t</a></p><p>The post <a href="https://africanvoicesinternational.org/malawi-sends-buses-to-repatriate-citizens-from-south-africa/">Malawi Sends Buses to Repatriate Citizens from South Africa</a> first appeared on <a href="https://africanvoicesinternational.org">AFRICAN VOICES INTERNATIONAL</a>.</p>]]></content:encoded>
					
		
		
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		<title>Wages, Pensions, and the Fiscal Instruments of Apartheid</title>
		<link>https://africanvoicesinternational.org/wages-pensions-and-the-fiscal-instruments-of-apartheid/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 06 Jun 2026 17:04:26 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[TALKING DRUMS]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://africanvoicesinternational.org/?p=7939</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>By: Isaac Kwabena Boadu Date: 6th June, 2026 The economic architecture of apartheid in South Africa constituted a systematic mechanism for the preservation of racial [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://africanvoicesinternational.org/wages-pensions-and-the-fiscal-instruments-of-apartheid/">Wages, Pensions, and the Fiscal Instruments of Apartheid</a> first appeared on <a href="https://africanvoicesinternational.org">AFRICAN VOICES INTERNATIONAL</a>.</p>]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>By</strong>: Isaac Kwabena Boadu <strong>Date</strong>: 6th June, 2026</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The economic architecture of apartheid in South Africa constituted a systematic mechanism for the preservation of racial inequality through fiscal and labour policy. This policy kept Africans wounded whilst the Afrikaners squandered the South African Rand for their parochial desires.</p>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="500" height="345" src="https://africanvoicesinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/1002330922.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-7946" srcset="https://africanvoicesinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/1002330922.jpg 500w, https://africanvoicesinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/1002330922-300x207.jpg 300w" sizes="(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px" /></figure>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The apartheid economy was predicated upon the exploitation of inexpensive Black labour across the mining, agricultural, industrial, and domestic sectors. Through statutory measures such as job reservation and the migrant labour system, Black South Africans were precluded from skilled occupations and management positions. In addition, legislative prohibitions prevented Black workers from participating in trade unions that afforded collective bargaining rights to white employees. Consequently, remuneration was determined by racial classification rather than occupational competence. By the 1970s, disparities were pronounced, with white miners frequently earning ten to twelve times the wages of Black miners performing identical tasks. In rural areas, labour tenants received minimal cash remuneration supplemented by basic accommodation, a compensation structure insufficient to facilitate economic mobility. The objective of this wage regime was to ensure a perpetual supply of economically vulnerable labour compelled to remain in subordinate employment.</p>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="588" height="318" src="https://africanvoicesinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/images-2026-06-06T165749.214-1.jpeg" alt="" class="wp-image-7941" srcset="https://africanvoicesinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/images-2026-06-06T165749.214-1.jpeg 588w, https://africanvoicesinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/images-2026-06-06T165749.214-1-300x162.jpeg 300w" sizes="(max-width: 588px) 100vw, 588px" /></figure>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">State-administered pension schemes, including the Government Service Pension Fund, primarily benefited white civil servants, while Black workers were systematically excluded from formal retirement provisions for several decades. During the 1970s and 1980s, as international sanctions imposed fiscal constraints, the National Party government began to utilise state pension funds and the Post Office Savings Bank as sources of liquidity. Legislative and administrative directives compelled these institutions to purchase government bonds, thereby channelling retirement savings into expenditure on defence, security policing, and the administration of nominally independent homelands. Funds designated for future retirement obligations were thus redirected to finance immediate state operations. Following the democratic transition in 1994, the 1996 Mouton Commission documented extensive underfunding and mismanagement, revealing that substantial sums borrowed from pension funds during the apartheid era had not been adequately reimbursed. This misappropriation contributed significantly to the fiscal challenges confronting public sector pensions in the post-apartheid period.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The diversion of financial resources extended beyond pension funds. Revenue collected from Black townships was disproportionately allocated to the development of white residential areas. The Bantu Education system was deliberately under-resourced to limit educational attainment among Black learners. Similarly, nominally self-governing homelands received substantial state subsidies to maintain the façade of political autonomy. Thus, fiscal policy at every level was subordinated to the objective of maintaining white political and economic dominance.</p>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="276" height="183" src="https://africanvoicesinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/1002330893.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-7944"/></figure>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">In summation, the apartheid state did not refrain from compensating Black labour, but rather institutionalised a wage system designed to guarantee subsistence while precluding wealth accumulation. Concurrently, the government appropriated retirement savings and public revenue to underwrite its own endurance. The campaigns for equitable remuneration and secure pensions during the 1980s and early 1990s must therefore be understood not merely as labour disputes, but as fundamental challenges to the financial foundations of apartheid.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>AFRICAN VOICES INTERNATIONAL, FREEDOM IN AFRICA</strong> </p><p>The post <a href="https://africanvoicesinternational.org/wages-pensions-and-the-fiscal-instruments-of-apartheid/">Wages, Pensions, and the Fiscal Instruments of Apartheid</a> first appeared on <a href="https://africanvoicesinternational.org">AFRICAN VOICES INTERNATIONAL</a>.</p>]]></content:encoded>
					
		
		
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		<title>Land, Justice, and the RDP in South Africa</title>
		<link>https://africanvoicesinternational.org/land-justice-and-the-rdp-in-south-africa/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 06 Jun 2026 16:38:36 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[TALKING DRUMS]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://africanvoicesinternational.org/?p=7929</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>By: Isaac Kwabena Boadu Date: 6th June, 2026 When Nelson Mandela raised his fist on May 10th, 1994, the world saw it as the birth [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://africanvoicesinternational.org/land-justice-and-the-rdp-in-south-africa/">Land, Justice, and the RDP in South Africa</a> first appeared on <a href="https://africanvoicesinternational.org">AFRICAN VOICES INTERNATIONAL</a>.</p>]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>By</strong>: Isaac Kwabena Boadu <strong>Date</strong>: 6th June, 2026</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">When Nelson Mandela raised his fist on May 10th, 1994, the world saw it as the birth of a new South Africa. The cameras captured the inauguration, the flags, the tears. But the real revolution had already been running for four years. By the time Mandela became president, the African National Congress had already unbanned itself, negotiated the end of apartheid laws, and written the plan that would try to repair the damage. That plan was the Reconstruction and Development Programme, or RDP. And at the heart of it was land.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">To understand the RDP’s land agenda, you have to start with the 1913 Native Land Act. That law was the legal foundation of white minority rule. It said Black South Africans could only own or rent land in 13 percent of the country. The other 87 percent was reserved for whites. Families were forcibly removed from farms, towns like District Six were bulldozed, and millions became labour tenants with no security. For 80 years that Act shaped where people could live, work, and build wealth.</p>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="692" height="443" src="https://africanvoicesinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/1002330709.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-7932" srcset="https://africanvoicesinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/1002330709.jpg 692w, https://africanvoicesinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/1002330709-300x192.jpg 300w" sizes="(max-width: 692px) 100vw, 692px" /></figure>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The legal revolution began in 1991, three years before Nelson Mandela took office. Under pressure from mass protests, international sanctions, and negotiations at CODESA, FW de Klerk’s government passed the Abolition of Racially Based Land Measures Act. That Act finally repealed the 1913 Land Act and its later versions. On paper, apartheid’s land laws were dead. But repealing a law does not return stolen farms or rebuild destroyed communities. The ANC knew that. So while politicians were still negotiating the constitution, the movement was already drafting what would come next.</p>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="https://africanvoicesinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/1002330711-1024x768.webp" alt="" class="wp-image-7933" srcset="https://africanvoicesinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/1002330711-1024x768.webp 1024w, https://africanvoicesinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/1002330711-300x225.webp 300w, https://africanvoicesinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/1002330711-768x576.webp 768w, https://africanvoicesinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/1002330711.webp 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></figure>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">That “what’s next” became the RDP, released by the ANC in early 1994 as its election manifesto. It was not written by politicians alone. Trade unions, church groups, civics, and rural organizations all contributed. The message was simple: political freedom meant little without material change. The RDP listed five priorities — housing, water, electricity, jobs, and land. On land, it promised to reverse what the 1913 Act had done. The goal was to guarantee both residential and productive land for people who had been denied it, whether they lived in rural areas, urban townships, or on white-owned farms as labour tenants.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">After 1994, the RDP’s land promise turned into three programs written into the new Constitution. First came land restitution. If your family had lost land because of racial laws after June 19, 1913, you could lodge a claim. The Land Claims Court was set up to hear cases. Some communities got their land back, like the Makuleke people in Limpopo. Others accepted financial compensation when return was impossible.</p>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="588" height="435" src="https://africanvoicesinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/1002330719.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-7935" srcset="https://africanvoicesinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/1002330719.jpg 588w, https://africanvoicesinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/1002330719-300x222.jpg 300w" sizes="(max-width: 588px) 100vw, 588px" /></figure>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Second was land redistribution. The state would buy farms from willing white sellers and transfer them to poor Black families, farm workers, and labour tenants who wanted to farm for themselves. Labour tenants were a special focus. These were families who had lived and worked on the same white farm for generations but owned nothing and could be evicted at the farmer’s whim. The RDP said they deserved land for their own homes and crops, not just a place to sleep after work. The target was ambitious: 30 percent of commercial farmland redistributed by 2014.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Third was tenure reform. Millions of people lived on farms or in informal settlements with no legal rights. The Extension of Security of Tenure Act, passed in 1997, came directly from the RDP. It stopped farmers from evicting labour tenants without a court order and gave basic housing rights to people living on commercial farms. In cities, the RDP’s housing program built millions of RDP houses, even though the quality and location were later criticized.</p>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="521" height="383" src="https://africanvoicesinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/1002330710.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-7936" srcset="https://africanvoicesinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/1002330710.jpg 521w, https://africanvoicesinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/1002330710-300x221.jpg 300w" sizes="(max-width: 521px) 100vw, 521px" /></figure>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">So did the revolution succeed? The RDP delivered water taps, electricity connections, and houses to millions within its first five years. On land, progress was slower and more painful. By 2014, less than 10 percent of farmland had been redistributed instead of the promised 30 percent. Restitution settled many claims, but often with cash rather than land. Tenure laws protected labour tenants, yet farm evictions and conflicts continued. The 1913 Act was abolished in law in 1991, but undoing its economic legacy has taken decades and is still unfinished.</p>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="547" height="365" src="https://africanvoicesinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/1002330715.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-7934" srcset="https://africanvoicesinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/1002330715.jpg 547w, https://africanvoicesinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/1002330715-300x200.jpg 300w" sizes="(max-width: 547px) 100vw, 547px" /></figure>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The RDP was the ANC’s answer to that demand. It tried to turn the abolition of the Land Act into real land for rural and urban poor, for labour tenants, for families who had only known dispossession. The inauguration in 1994 was the ceremony. The work of reconstruction had already begun.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>AFRICAN VOICES INTERNATIONAL, FREEDOM IN AFRICA</strong> </p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"></p><p>The post <a href="https://africanvoicesinternational.org/land-justice-and-the-rdp-in-south-africa/">Land, Justice, and the RDP in South Africa</a> first appeared on <a href="https://africanvoicesinternational.org">AFRICAN VOICES INTERNATIONAL</a>.</p>]]></content:encoded>
					
		
		
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		<title>The Tulsa Race Massacre, 1921</title>
		<link>https://africanvoicesinternational.org/the-tulsa-race-massacre-1921/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 02 Jun 2026 04:21:05 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[TALKING DRUMS]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://africanvoicesinternational.org/?p=7920</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>By: Isaac Kwabena Boadu Date: 2nd June 2026 One hundred and four years ago, the Greenwood District of Tulsa, Oklahoma was reduced to ash not [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://africanvoicesinternational.org/the-tulsa-race-massacre-1921/">The Tulsa Race Massacre, 1921</a> first appeared on <a href="https://africanvoicesinternational.org">AFRICAN VOICES INTERNATIONAL</a>.</p>]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>By</strong>: Isaac Kwabena Boadu <strong>Date</strong>: <em>2nd June 2026 </em></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">One hundred and four years ago, the Greenwood District of Tulsa, Oklahoma was reduced to ash not by accident, but by a deliberate assault on human dignity. Greenwood, known as “Black Wall Street,” was built by African Americans during segregation when the doors of white businesses were shut to them. With no safety net and no permission from the system, they built banks, hotels, clinics, schools, and more than three hundred businesses. It was proof that Black life, Black labor, and Black genius could create prosperity even under the weight of exclusion.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">On the night of May 31, 1921, that prosperity was met with violence. After the arrest of a young Black man named Dick Rowland, rumors and a sensational newspaper headline ignited fear and rage. Armed white mobs, some deputized and armed by city officials, moved through Greenwood for eighteen hours. They looted homes, burned entire blocks, and fired upon families from the ground and from private airplanes above. It was one of the first times aerial bombing was used against American citizens on American soil.</p>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="498" src="https://africanvoicesinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/1002312692-1024x498.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-7923" srcset="https://africanvoicesinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/1002312692-1024x498.jpg 1024w, https://africanvoicesinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/1002312692-300x146.jpg 300w, https://africanvoicesinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/1002312692-768x373.jpg 768w, https://africanvoicesinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/1002312692.jpg 1440w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></figure>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The cost was measured in lives, in homes, in memory. Between one hundred and three hundred Black Tulsans were killed, though the official count for decades was far lower. More than eight hundred people were wounded and ten thousand were left homeless overnight. Six thousand Black residents were rounded up and detained in camps for days without charge or due process. Hospitals turned away the wounded. Firefighters were prevented from putting out the flames. The right to life, the right to property, and the right to equal protection under law were all denied in real time.</p>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="640" height="479" src="https://africanvoicesinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/1002312690.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-7924" srcset="https://africanvoicesinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/1002312690.jpg 640w, https://africanvoicesinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/1002312690-300x225.jpg 300w" sizes="(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px" /></figure>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">What followed was a second violence: silence. For generations the massacre was left out of textbooks, newspapers, and public memory. Survivors were told not to speak. Insurance claims were denied on the grounds that it was a “riot,” not a crime. No one was prosecuted for murder or destruction. The attack on Greenwood was not only an attack on buildings, but an attack on truth. To erase a community’s history is to erase its right to justice.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Today, excavations in Oaklawn Cemetery have begun to recover remains believed to be victims of the massacre. The last survivors lived into the 2020s, carrying eyewitness accounts the world tried to bury. Their descendants and human rights advocates continue to demand reparations, not as charity, but as recognition of a debt owed for stolen lives, stolen wealth, and stolen dignity.</p>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="547" height="365" src="https://africanvoicesinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/1002312689.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-7926" srcset="https://africanvoicesinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/1002312689.jpg 547w, https://africanvoicesinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/1002312689-300x200.jpg 300w" sizes="(max-width: 547px) 100vw, 547px" /></figure>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The Tulsa Race Massacre is not just American history. It is a human rights lesson for the world. It shows what happens when a state allows mobs to act with impunity. It shows what Black communities can build under pressure. And it shows that memory itself is an act of resistance. Greenwood was burned, but its story survived.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">For Freedom Giants today, the mandate is clear. We do not look away from atrocity. We do not accept silence as the final word. We build anyway, we remember anyway, and we demand justice anyway. The right to exist, to own, to thrive, and to be protected by law is not negotiable. Greenwood proves it, and our generation must defend it.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><em>Forward ever, backward never.</em><br><em><strong>AFRICAN VOICES INTERNATIONAL<br>FREEDOM IN AFRICA</strong></em></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"></p><p>The post <a href="https://africanvoicesinternational.org/the-tulsa-race-massacre-1921/">The Tulsa Race Massacre, 1921</a> first appeared on <a href="https://africanvoicesinternational.org">AFRICAN VOICES INTERNATIONAL</a>.</p>]]></content:encoded>
					
		
		
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		<title>The Dompas &#8211; Apartheid’s Tool That Turned Identity Into Shackles</title>
		<link>https://africanvoicesinternational.org/the-dompas-apartheids-tool-that-turned-identity-into-shackles/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 31 May 2026 00:16:03 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[TALKING DRUMS]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://africanvoicesinternational.org/?p=7914</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>By: Isaac Kwabena Boadu Date:31st May, 2026 Long after the fall of apartheid, the memory of the dompas still haunts South Africa. Known officially as [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://africanvoicesinternational.org/the-dompas-apartheids-tool-that-turned-identity-into-shackles/">The Dompas – Apartheid’s Tool That Turned Identity Into Shackles</a> first appeared on <a href="https://africanvoicesinternational.org">AFRICAN VOICES INTERNATIONAL</a>.</p>]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>By</strong>: Isaac Kwabena Boadu <strong>Date</strong>:31st May, 2026</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Long after the fall of apartheid, the memory of the dompas still haunts South Africa. Known officially as the Reference Book, this small booklet became the most feared document for Black South Africans. The name itself carried scorn, drawn from Afrikaans words meaning stupid and pass, a label that captured how the system was viewed by those forced to carry it.</p>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="640" height="640" src="https://africanvoicesinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/1002306229.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-7917" srcset="https://africanvoicesinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/1002306229.jpg 640w, https://africanvoicesinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/1002306229-300x300.jpg 300w, https://africanvoicesinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/1002306229-150x150.jpg 150w" sizes="(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px" /></figure>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Under the Natives Act of 1952, every Black man and later every Black woman was required to keep the dompas on them at all times from the age of sixteen. It held a photograph, fingerprints, details of employers, tax payments, and what was called Section 10 rights. Those rights were the fragile permission to live and work in a city. Without that stamp, a person had no legal claim to be in an urban area at all. Police were empowered to stop anyone, anywhere, and demand to see the book. Failure to produce it, or having a missing page, meant arrest on the spot and removal to a rural homeland.</p>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="512" height="341" src="https://africanvoicesinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/1002306228.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-7916" srcset="https://africanvoicesinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/1002306228.jpg 512w, https://africanvoicesinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/1002306228-300x200.jpg 300w" sizes="(max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Mpumelelo, Poppy and Banele Kubeka holding an Identity booklet of their brother Alpheas Mpikeleli Kubeka who went missing in 1977 when he left for exile. The kubekas have found Alpheus family in Germany. Photo Thulani Mbele</figcaption></figure>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The dompas did more than record identity. It dictated where people could live, which schools and hospitals they could enter, which buses they could board, and even who they could marry. Employers had to stamp the book for every job, so losing work also meant losing the right to stay in the city. Men were separated from families for years, moving between homelands and mines or factories on short-term permits. When the government extended the requirement to women in the early nineteen sixties, entire families came under surveillance.</p>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="500" height="609" src="https://africanvoicesinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/1002306230.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-7918" srcset="https://africanvoicesinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/1002306230.jpg 500w, https://africanvoicesinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/1002306230-246x300.jpg 246w" sizes="(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px" /></figure>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The scale of the system was staggering. Over several decades, millions of people were arrested for pass offences. Each stop by police meant humiliation, fingerprinting, and the constant fear that a document could erase a life built in the city. That daily pressure sparked resistance across the country. The cry to kill the pass grew louder in townships and cities, and it reached a breaking point in Sharpeville in March of 1960. There, police fired on a crowd protesting the burning of passes, killing dozens and drawing worldwide condemnation.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">It took another quarter century before the pass laws were finally repealed in 1986. By then the dompas had already carved deep wounds into families and communities. Today the booklet survives mainly in museums and classrooms, displayed as evidence of how identity papers can be twisted into instruments of control. The lesson drawn from that history remains simple. When documents meant to protect people are instead used to police and confine them, freedom itself is reduced to the ink on a page.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>AFRICAN VOICES INTERNATIONAL, FREEDOM IN AFRICA</strong> </p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"></p><p>The post <a href="https://africanvoicesinternational.org/the-dompas-apartheids-tool-that-turned-identity-into-shackles/">The Dompas – Apartheid’s Tool That Turned Identity Into Shackles</a> first appeared on <a href="https://africanvoicesinternational.org">AFRICAN VOICES INTERNATIONAL</a>.</p>]]></content:encoded>
					
		
		
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		<title>Africa Celebrates 63 Years Since Launch of OAU</title>
		<link>https://africanvoicesinternational.org/africa-celebrates-63-years-since-launch-of-oau/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 25 May 2026 20:07:13 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[TALKING DRUMS]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://africanvoicesinternational.org/?p=7900</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>By: Isaac Kwabena Boadu Date: 25th May, 2026 African Union Day was celebrated today, commemorating 63 years since the establishment of the Organisation of African [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://africanvoicesinternational.org/africa-celebrates-63-years-since-launch-of-oau/">Africa Celebrates 63 Years Since Launch of OAU</a> first appeared on <a href="https://africanvoicesinternational.org">AFRICAN VOICES INTERNATIONAL</a>.</p>]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>By</strong>: Isaac Kwabena Boadu <strong>Date</strong>: 25th May, 2026</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">African Union Day was celebrated today, commemorating 63 years since the establishment of the Organisation of African Unity now the African Union.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>From the OAU to the AU</strong><br>The African Union’s origins trace back to 25th May 1963, when 32 sovereign African nations convened in Addis Ababa to form the <em>Organisation of African Unity [OAU]</em>.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The OAU’s core purpose was to end colonial rule and safeguard the independence of emerging states. For close to 40 years it backed liberation struggles across Southern Africa and opposed apartheid. Its stance of non-interference helped maintain stability among new nations, though it also constrained action on internal crises.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">In 2002, at a gathering in Durban, South Africa, African leaders concluded that the continent required a more robust body. The <em>African Union</em> was instituted to succeed the OAU, with an expanded remit covering political and economic integration, democratic governance, human rights, and the authority to intervene in cases of war crimes and genocide.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">This transition embodied the principle of “African solutions for African challenges.” Since then, the AU has managed the African Continental Free Trade Area, the Peace and Security Council, and the African Standby Force.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Today, the AU administers a fully functional African Continental Free Trade Area, a unified African air transport system, and the African Credit Rating Agency. Agenda 2063’s second decade-long plan is nearing foresight, with notable progress in clean energy, digital networks, and trade within Africa.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>AFRICAN VOICES INTERNATIONAL, FREEDOM IN AFRICA</strong> </p><p>The post <a href="https://africanvoicesinternational.org/africa-celebrates-63-years-since-launch-of-oau/">Africa Celebrates 63 Years Since Launch of OAU</a> first appeared on <a href="https://africanvoicesinternational.org">AFRICAN VOICES INTERNATIONAL</a>.</p>]]></content:encoded>
					
		
		
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		<title>Senegal&#8217;s President Dissolves Cabinet And Sacks Prime Minister</title>
		<link>https://africanvoicesinternational.org/senegals-president-dissolves-cabinet-and-sacks-prime-minister/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 24 May 2026 14:15:47 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[TALKING DRUMS]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://africanvoicesinternational.org/?p=7895</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>By: Isaac Kwabena Boadu Date:23rd May, 2026 Senegal’s President Bassirou Diomaye Faye dissolved his government on Friday 23rd May 2026, and dismissed Prime Minister Ousmane [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://africanvoicesinternational.org/senegals-president-dissolves-cabinet-and-sacks-prime-minister/">Senegal’s President Dissolves Cabinet And Sacks Prime Minister</a> first appeared on <a href="https://africanvoicesinternational.org">AFRICAN VOICES INTERNATIONAL</a>.</p>]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p class="wp-block-paragraph">By: Isaac Kwabena Boadu Date:23rd May, 2026</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Senegal’s President Bassirou Diomaye Faye dissolved his government on Friday 23rd May 2026, and dismissed Prime Minister Ousmane Sonko, a decision that signals a formal split between two leaders who jointly led the opposition to power in 2024.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The announcement was made via a statement broadcast on state media. All ministers were relieved of their duties, with the outgoing cabinet instructed to manage day-to-day administrative functions until a new government is appointed, according to Oumar Samba Ba, secretary-general of the presidency.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The relationship between President Faye and Former Prime Minister Sonko dates to the 2024 presidential election. Mr. Sonko, leader of the PASTEF party, was barred from running due to a defamation conviction. He subsequently endorsed President Faye, who was then a lesser-known party official, and mobilized significant youth support behind the campaign.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">President Faye won the March 2024 election and appointed PM. Sonko as prime minister in April 2024, formalizing a power-sharing arrangement in which Sonko was widely seen as the political strategist and President Faye as head of state. The partnership defined the new administration’s early months.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Over the following year, public and policy disagreements between the presidency and the prime minister’s office became more pronounced. The split culminated in Friday’s dissolution of the government.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><em>AFRICAN VOICES INTERNATIONAL, FREEDOM IN AFRICA</em></p><p>The post <a href="https://africanvoicesinternational.org/senegals-president-dissolves-cabinet-and-sacks-prime-minister/">Senegal’s President Dissolves Cabinet And Sacks Prime Minister</a> first appeared on <a href="https://africanvoicesinternational.org">AFRICAN VOICES INTERNATIONAL</a>.</p>]]></content:encoded>
					
		
		
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		<title>President William Ruto Concludes Official Visit to Kazakhstan</title>
		<link>https://africanvoicesinternational.org/president-william-ruto-concludes-official-visit-to-kazakhstan/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 21 May 2026 10:31:47 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[TALKING DRUMS]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://africanvoicesinternational.org/?p=7888</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>By: Isaac Kwabena Boadu Date: 21st May, 2026 President William Ruto has returned to Kenya after completing a two-day official visit to Kazakhstan that ended [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://africanvoicesinternational.org/president-william-ruto-concludes-official-visit-to-kazakhstan/">President William Ruto Concludes Official Visit to Kazakhstan</a> first appeared on <a href="https://africanvoicesinternational.org">AFRICAN VOICES INTERNATIONAL</a>.</p>]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>By</strong>: Isaac Kwabena Boadu <strong>Date</strong>: 21st May, 2026</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">President William Ruto has returned to Kenya after completing a two-day official visit to Kazakhstan that ended on May 20, 2026. The visit to Astana was the first by a Kenyan head of state and focused on strengthening open partnership and people-to-people ties between the two countries.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">During the visit, President William Ruto met with President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev to discuss ways to broaden cooperation on trade, technology, education, and cultural exchange. The talks covered expanding existing trade in tea, flowers, fertilizer, and logistics, while also exploring new opportunities in finance, information and communication technology, tourism, and energy.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">President William Ruto said the trip reflected a shared commitment to deepen friendly relations through open dialogue and practical collaboration. He pointed to growing direct links between Nairobi and Astana as a way to create more opportunities for businesses, students, and workers in both countries.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">As part of the visit, President William Ruto received Kazakhstan’s Order of Dostyk, First Degree, in recognition of efforts to promote mutual understanding and cooperation. President William Ruto also welcomed Kazakhstan’s decision to open a resident embassy in Nairobi, calling it a step toward closer and more accessible diplomatic engagement.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The visit to Kazakhstan followed President William Ruto’s participation in the 13th Session of the World Urban Forum in Baku, Azerbaijan. On his return, President William Ruto said the discussions were aimed at supporting job creation, skills exchange, and wider market access for Kenyan products through open and equal partnership.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>AFRICAN VOICES INTERNATIONAL, FREEDOM IN AFRICA</strong> </p><p>The post <a href="https://africanvoicesinternational.org/president-william-ruto-concludes-official-visit-to-kazakhstan/">President William Ruto Concludes Official Visit to Kazakhstan</a> first appeared on <a href="https://africanvoicesinternational.org">AFRICAN VOICES INTERNATIONAL</a>.</p>]]></content:encoded>
					
		
		
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		<title>Arsenal End 22 Year Wait</title>
		<link>https://africanvoicesinternational.org/arsenal-end-22-year-wait/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 19 May 2026 23:06:54 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[SPORTS]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[TALKING DRUMS]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://africanvoicesinternational.org/?p=7874</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>By: Isaac Kwabena Boadu Date: 20th May, 2026 Arsenal have ended a 22 year wait and are Premier League champions for the 2025/26 season after [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://africanvoicesinternational.org/arsenal-end-22-year-wait/">Arsenal End 22 Year Wait</a> first appeared on <a href="https://africanvoicesinternational.org">AFRICAN VOICES INTERNATIONAL</a>.</p>]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p class="wp-block-paragraph">By: Isaac Kwabena Boadu Date: 20th May, 2026</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Arsenal have ended a 22 year wait and are Premier League champions for the 2025/26 season after Manchester City’s 1-1 draw with Bournemouth sealed the title on 19 May 2026. The Gunners didn’t even take to the pitch, but the result at the Vitality Stadium made it mathematically impossible for City to catch them with one game left to play.</p>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="683" src="https://africanvoicesinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/1002268808-1024x683.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-7876" srcset="https://africanvoicesinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/1002268808-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https://africanvoicesinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/1002268808-300x200.jpg 300w, https://africanvoicesinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/1002268808-768x512.jpg 768w, https://africanvoicesinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/1002268808.jpg 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></figure>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Bournemouth struck first through Eli Junior Kroupi in the 44th minute, and although Erling Haaland equalized late for City in the 87th minute, the point wasn’t enough. Arsenal finished on 82 points from 37 games with a record of 25 wins, 7 draws, and 5 losses. The Emirates erupted as soon as the final whistle blew in Bournemouth, with fans celebrating a first league crown since the Invincibles season of 2003/04.</p>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="664" height="446" src="https://africanvoicesinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/1002268807.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-7877" srcset="https://africanvoicesinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/1002268807.jpg 664w, https://africanvoicesinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/1002268807-300x202.jpg 300w" sizes="(max-width: 664px) 100vw, 664px" /></figure>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">This campaign was built on the meanest defense in the league, led by Gabriel, William Saliba, and David Raya, and driven by Declan Rice’s relentless engine in midfield. Rice contributed 4 goals, 5 assists, and 70 tackles, earning the nickname “the horse” for his work rate throughout the season. Mikel Arteta has now stepped out of Pep Guardiola’s shadow to deliver the club’s fourth Premier League title.</p>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="495" height="619" src="https://africanvoicesinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/1002268817.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-7878" srcset="https://africanvoicesinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/1002268817.jpg 495w, https://africanvoicesinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/1002268817-240x300.jpg 240w" sizes="(max-width: 495px) 100vw, 495px" /></figure>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Hongera to the players from the african anatomy such as Eberechi Eze, Bukayo Saka, Noni Madueke and Ethan Nwaneri. You played a huge role in this historic run. Your grit, skill, and passion on the pitch were central to Arsenal’s success, and your contribution will be remembered for years.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The last time Arsenal lifted the Premier League trophy was in 2003/04 under Arsène Wenger, when the team went unbeaten all season. Today, Arteta’s side have written their own chapter in the club’s history. Arsenal close out the campaign at home against Crystal Palace on 24 May, but the celebrations started tonight. Up the Gunners, champions of England.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>AFRICAN VOICES INTERNATIONAL, FREEDOM IN AFRICA</strong> </p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Follow our WhatsApp Channel for more updates: <a href="https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VaDc9jg59PwJmHy1Du2t">https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VaDc9jg59PwJmHy1Du2t</a></p><p>The post <a href="https://africanvoicesinternational.org/arsenal-end-22-year-wait/">Arsenal End 22 Year Wait</a> first appeared on <a href="https://africanvoicesinternational.org">AFRICAN VOICES INTERNATIONAL</a>.</p>]]></content:encoded>
					
		
		
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